Domestic Violence Essay with Annotated Bibliography

There are many different types of domestic violence. Physical abuse is the most obvious form, but this is not to say that outsiders always recognize it. Generally, physical violence causes bodily harm, using a variety of methods. Slapping, pushing, throwing, hitting, punching, and strangling are only a few methods. An object or weapon may or may not be used. There is not always physical evidence of physical abuse such as bruising, bleeding, scratches, bumps, etc., therefore, absence of physical marks does not necessarily mean physical abuse had not occurred. Physical abuse sometimes escalates to murder (Morris and Biehl 7, Haley 14-17). Sexual abuse includes any sexual act in which one person has not agreed to it. A woman can be†¦show more content†¦Pressure, guilt trips, lying, cheating, violating trust, laying blame on her or other forms of harassment are all forms of mental abuse. Generally, to some degree, all three types of violence are used because they tend to overlap. For example, mental abuse and physical abuse can occur simultaneously when a man is yelling at his wife, telling her how worthless she is while he is beating her (Morris and Biehl 36, Haley 9-13). Violence begins at a very young age. Even if children are not exposed to an abusive household, they still experience violence in cartoons and toys. Children of abused homes learn that violence is used to resolve conflicts. Boys grow up more likely to be abusers and girls grow up more likely to be victims of abusive relationships. There are many factors we can identify and others we cannot that contribute to violence. Some of these factors are unequal power distribution, support of societal norms that reinforce and glorify violence, disregard of human rights, race and class, and the notion of a mans right to control his wife. People of color are oppressed and are victims of racism. This perpetuates violence, especially in men. 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Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions. Answer: Introduction: Ethical dilemma in a clinical setting is a moral dilemma wherein a person has to select between two situations neither of which might resolve the situation in a manner that is ethically acceptable. Advanced Care Planning (ACP) and Directive (ACD) has been an ethical issue widely discussed in the literature (Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, Rietjens and van der Heide 2014). The present essay discusses the significance to Advanced Care Planning and Directive. The paper speaks for the use of ACD in Australia. The professional obligation to respect the autonomy of a patient gives patients the right to refuse or accept treatment. Advance care planning through verbal and written health care directives is the process of documenting the values, beliefs and preferences of the patient about the treatment. End of life discussion held between a patient and a physician is to be documented in a record. Evidence of preferences of patients can be obtained in a legitimate manner when the conversation is between the two parties in the presence of a family member (McLennan et al. 2015). As highlighted by Swetz et al. (2014) ACP has the purpose of safeguarding the autonomy of the patient when he is not in a position to take decisions regarding own healthcare. However, families are found not to agree at times with the patients preferences, and this is more prominent when a critical decision is being taken. The prime reasons for such action are the alternative option of palliative care (Heyland et al. 2013) . At times of disagreement between patient and family members, there are additional complications in the decision making process. Therefore ethical dilemma lies in the fact that though healthcare providers would be in the favour of respecting the autonomy of the patient, there would be uncertainty regarding the right actions to be taken (Abney et al. 2014). The Victoria government has passed the Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Bill in 2016 that enshrines advance care directives in law. The Act sets distinct obligations for health practitioners providing care to patients who do not have the capacity to engage in the process of decision making. It ensures that medical decision making is consistent the perception of people regarding decisions about medical treatment and personal autonomy and is aligned with modern views (health.vic.gov.au 2016). The standpoint that is taken is that ACP and ACD would be helpful and must be encouraged for patients. Nevertheless, good communication is needed for suitable and harmless delivery of ACP. Since there is alway a scope for obtaining written directives from families and surrogates, compliance with the emotional wishes would not be a problem. ACP can improve communication, enhance relationships, and promote team functioning when a patient is being cared for. In conclusion, it is to be stated that ACP and ACD would provide benefits for the patient in the future. An instructional and value care directive would ensure that the values and views of the patients ae taken into consideration while delivering care to patients, especially for end-of-life care. A health care professional would be able to be a true decision maker in what the best treatment options for the patient are. Reference Abney, L., Burks, A., Pitman, W., Taylor, J., Obert, L. and Kern, N., 2014. Effective communication regarding advanced care planning and end-of-life care options.Womens Health Care,2. Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J.A. and van der Heide, A., 2014. The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review.Palliative medicine,28(8), pp.1000-1025. Heyland, D.K., Barwich, D., Pichora, D., Dodek, P., Lamontagne, F., You, J.J., Tayler, C., Porterfield, P., Sinuff, T., Simon, J. and ACCEPT (Advance Care Planning Evaluation in Elderly Patients) Study Team, 2013. Failure to engage hospitalized elderly patients and their families in advance care planning.JAMA internal medicine,173(9), pp.778-787. McLennan, V.E., Boddy, J.H., Daly, M.G. and Chenoweth, L.M., 2015. Relinquishing or taking control? Community perspectives on barriers and opportunities in advance care planning.Australian Health Review,39(5), pp.528-532. Swetz, K.M., Matlock, D.D., Ottenberg, A.L. and Mueller, P.S., 2014. Advance directives, advance care planning, and shared decision making: promoting synergy over exclusivity in contemporary context.Journal of pain and symptom management,47(3), pp.e1-e3. Www2.health.vic.gov.au. (2016).Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Act 2016. [online] Available at: https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/hospitals-and-health-services/patient-care/end-of-life-care/advance-care-planning/medical-treatment-planning-and-decisions-act [Accessed 23 Sep. 2017].

Social World Conflicts and Its Resolution Styles

Conflict is a major subject in the world and its effects are very diverse in the society causing crisis and other effects. Conflict can be viewed as a disagreement through which the parties involved perceive a threat to their needs, interests or concerns (About Conflict, 2012). In this definition, the key terms are parties, perceive and threat. In any conflict, there must be people or entities involved who have interest in a particular thing like political power, mineral resources and other socio economic activities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social World Conflicts and Its Resolution Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This conflict is said to be from a perceived threat which may be a real threat or something that is imagined but because of lack of understanding of the real situation. Threat in this way means a feeling that what they think is theirs may be taken away or they feel that once certain peopl e get something, they will treat them unfairly. In the lifetime of a human being, there are situations that lead one to disagreements and struggle in getting something they need in their lives or at the work place. Because of the demands of life and the desire for self actualization, people tend to avoid impediments. If a person or anything is perceived to be an impediment to the journey of self actualization, then a conflict arises. This not only experienced by human beings but also in the animal planet, it’s only that they may not be having a conflict resolution mechanism but the jungle rule. Another situation is when wild animals and human beings are living in bordering pieces of land as in the boundary between a national park and the general public land. In a number of cases of the world, animals are not checked and controlled by the national park management, which implies that animals may destroy or even kill human beings around that area. This is also a conflict. Howeve r, in this paper, the discussion on conflict is based on the social world and how it is handled. That is why concentration is on conflict resolution styles. Conflict styles are patterned responses that people use in conflict. They can be viewed as having two dimensions which are assertiveness and cooperativeness (Picard, 2002). In this manner, one can be able to assess the extent to which people attempt to satisfy other people’s needs to avoid or resolve their conflicts. These styles are pegged on personal satisfaction while making a decision of whether one has wronged the other. Former Conflict Style There are various conflict styles that a person can adapt. In these styles, there is one that comes naturally in a human being and it can be referred to as the default conflict style. About conflict website (2012) lists four styles of conflicts namely â€Å"avoidance, collaborating, competitive, comprising and accommodating. In a number of cases it and be necessary to apply all of them in different situations.† For the case of this paper, avoidance and collaboration are discussed.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Runde (2007) asserts that avoiding involves a low level of interest in meeting the needs of either person. An example of this type of conflict situation is when a husband asks his wife to cook for him and the wife assumes that she has not heard. The husband repeats the same question while the wife tells him that the food is in the kitchen. The husband decides to go and cook for himself and avoids confronting the real issue. He does not ask himself why the wife does not want to cook for him. Instead, he avoids her and continues with life normally. The problem might have been solved at that point when the conflict started and could be due to some underlying issues. However, this conflict style may look okay because everybody is fo r himself hence, nobody disturbs the other but it is what one may call a time bomb. The problem remains unresolved until it becomes too big to handle. A time comes when the bomb explodes and everything is exposed. It could be a better idea to confront the issue in a different way so that the problem is solved. The reason for adopting this type of conflict style be based on a family upbringing whereby, the parents are always in conflict and the children have nothing to do about it. Therefore, the best way is to avoid the scene where mum and dad are quarrelling and move to your room. You will definitely be back when they finish. This way, you will learn to avoid the situation unknowingly and this may be part of you. In a leadership role, this conflict style does not work well because at the end of the day, the problem has to be solved. Applying this style is very dangerous like a detonative device. A personal experience is illustrated below. A teacher was teaching in a class of forty five students. Every time at the middle of the lesson, a student clicked and the teacher ignored because he didn’t want to get involved in finding out why somebody could click in the middle of a lesson. This went on for quite some time coupled with murmuring. The teacher still ignored his students. This act finally degenerated to a more embarrassing and disgusting event to the teacher because the students walked out of the class while he was teaching. Later on, he realized that he was losing most of the students while he was teaching or rather delivering his content. It would have been wise for him to try to find out why the students were clicking in class. Maybe, he should have created rapport with the students so that he can get feedback so as to avoid such a situation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social World Conflicts and Its Resolution Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Current Conflict Styl e Collaboration is a conflict style which if well used, will enable both parties to be satisfied. Lussier (2011) asserts that the key to collaborative style is agreeing that the solution picked is the best possible one. Thus, a win situation is achieved. Harmony is achieved when this approach is used, thus encouraging people to work together. In most cases, work place communication does not tickle down properly to the work force that is the lead. Because of this conflict, usually arise from the workers and the management. The worker may decide to use avoidance conflict style and thus, affecting their performance. The management has to give notice that it needs to communicate well and in time to the employees so as to avoid a bad situation. Through delegation of duties to the junior staff, one can be able to identify the problems that may be in the lower cadres of the work force. For best performance of the company, an agreement has to be reached by both the management and junior wor kers (Lussier, 2011). In this case, the worker will be able to know what they are limited to and what their rights and responsibilities to the company. If a manager will be in a position to work with the workers and see him/herself as the team leader and not the boss then collaborative style may not work well. And this is the style to adopt in leadership. Resolution The above conflict styles tend to explain how to handle situations before they degenerate to a crisis. If a conflict is persistent, then it needs to be resolved. And there are various ways of resolving conflicts. Depending on when and where the conflict is, the use of tools like mediation and assertion may help. Think of a situation whereby, employees have gone on strike, the employee will first try to use assertion to make the employees go back to work. However, employees have a right to withdraw their services for better work conditions. When the strike persists, mediation technique may be used to resolve the conflict. Trade unions and the labour ministry may try to mediate between the workers and the employers. Finally, there may be a situation whereby, the conflict cannot be resolved after applying different mechanisms of resolution. Zastrow et al. (2010) explains that when the strategies fail then, one can probably conclude that the parties involved in the conflict are not willing to resolve it.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References About Conflict. (2012) Web. Lussier, R., (2011). â€Å"Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development†. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Picard, C., (2002). â€Å"Mediating Interpersonal and Small Group Conflict†. Ottawa: Dundurn Press Ltd. Runde, C. Flanagan, E., (2007). â€Å"Becoming a Conflict Competent Leader: How You And Your Organization Can†. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley Sons Publishers. Zastrow, C. et al., (2010). â€Å"Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment†. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. This essay on Social World Conflicts and Its Resolution Styles was written and submitted by user Sons of the Tiger to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Princess Diana2 essays

Princess Diana2 essays Princess Diana was born The Honorable Diana Frances Spencer on July 1, 1961. She was the third female child to Viscount and Viscountess Althorp. Diana had two older sisters, Sarah and Jane and one younger brother, Charles. Her family was well off and Diana had a privileged childhood. The Spencers made their money as successful sheep traders in the 15th century. With their fortune they built Althorp House in Northamptonshire and acquired a family crest and motto God defend the right (Morton 10). The Spencers occupied various offices of State and Court. When Dianas was born her father was disappointed she was a girl. He was hoping for his third children to finally be a male heir to carry on the Spencer name. Dianas father and the rest of the family wanted to know why her mother was only producing girls. Because of this, her mother was sent to a clinic for tests (Morton 10). She was only 23 at the time. This is ironic because today we now know the sex of the baby is determined by the father. Even though she was too young to understand, Diana believed she was to blame for her fathers disappointment. Finally, a few years later her mother delivered a boy to carry on the Spencer name. Although Diana had a beautiful christening at Sandringham Church with well-to-do Godparents, her brother Charless christening was a major event at Westminster Abbey. The Queen was the principal Godparent. The Spencer children were privileged but not snobbish. They were taught to accept people for what they are and not their position in life. The children never understood their titles until they went to school. Occasionally one of the royals would make a visit to the Spencer home and once in a while they would play with Princess Margarets sons, Princes Andrew and Edward. Diana remembers not liking to go to the Royal home, because it was big and spooky. Dianas mother...

Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models of Healthcare

Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models of Healthcare Critical Evaluation on the Future of Healthcare: The Biomedical or the Biopsychosocial Model The Biomedical Model This model has been in existence since the mid-19 th century and was predominant for physicians in the diagnosis of diseases. It comprises of four elements. It argues that, that health constitutes the freedom of pain, disease or defect which implies the normal human is healthy. In this model, the focus on the physical processes such as biochemistry, physiology and pathology of a disease do not take into consideration the role played by individual subjectivity or social factors. Unlike the biopsychosocial model, the biomedical model fails to consider negotiation between a doctor and patient in determining diagnosis. The main focus in this model is purely biological factors. It excludes social influences, environment and the psychological ones. Western countries have adopted it as a leading modern way for which health professionals treat and diagnose conditions. Regardles s of the limitations that this model expresses, it has been critical in the development of programs to control infectious diseases. In addition, it feeds more information to the biopsychosocial approach (White, 2009). The Biopsychosocial Model This is an approach that states that psychological, social and biological factors all play a key role in the human functioning in relation to illness and disease. Health is thus understood by concentrating on biological, social and psychological factors rather than entirely focusing on biological terms. It contrasts to biomedical model. Biomedical model takes the position that every disease process can be explained in accordance to deviations in normal functions such as injury, developmental abnormality in genes or virus (White, 2009). This model is used in the fields of medicine, health sociology and psychology and nursing. The acceptance, novelty and prevalence of the biopsychosocial model demonstrates variation across cultures. The model ha s been developing over time and will only mature further with health psychology designs and research. The Future of Healthcare The biopsychosocial model is at the heart of the future of healthcare. Specialization in healthcare has advanced to fields of health psychology, psychiatry, chiropractic, clinical psychology, family therapy and clinical social work. Majority of clinicians will engage the elements of biopsychosocial and biomedical models in the practices they engage in. However, it is arguable that all illnesses whether functional or organic can be managed best going by the biopsychosocial framework rather than the biomedical in practice. The two models seem to share the same goal which is improving the improvement of the patient’s well-being. What differs is the scope on which the physician considers impairment including its origin and the possible remedies. The biopsychosocial framework expands the meaning of this goal and applies it in clinical processes. Illness is approached as the subjective sense of suffering by the patient. The goal of managing the disease thus needs to identify the specific exposures of the patient which are biological, social and psychological. Potential Disabilities of the Biomedical Model The biomedical model will lose its position in the future of healthcare as it assumes that social and psychological processes are irrelevant to the disease’s process. The potential disabilities it exposes are massive. It mainly has three liabilities. First, the model is reductionist in nature. It reduces illness to lower level processes. These include chemical imbalances and disordered cells. It thus fails to recognize the general role of psychological and social determinants. Secondly, the model is a single-factor model. The explanation for illness is in terms of biological malfunctions rather that recognition of a variety of factors with only a few being biological in the causation of illness. The third liability is that the model assumes a mind-body dualism. It maintains that the body and mind are two separate entities. The final but not least liability is that the model puts more emphasis on illness over health. The focus is aberrations that cause illness instead of the conditions that would promote health.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research Paper Example From the geographic perspective, Utah is identified to be quite mountainous. The state is also occupied with few great valleys, such as the Virgin River Valley in its southwestern region. There are also many rivers which flow by the heart of the state making it an incredible tourism spot. With all these factors, the Salt Lake City was also referred as one of the greenest cities in the USA. The weather conditions are generally dry in the Utah region which results in light rainfall on the cities of Utah, including Salt Lake City. The temperature is perceived to be quite favorable for the cultural heritage to prosper. Due to the wide and tall mountain ranges, which act as a protection wall to the state, it enjoys a cooler weather with a higher temperature of 8 degrees and the lowest of 6 degree Celsius on an average. However, during the winter season, the temperature is hardly recorded to dip negative with a prolonged period of freezing weather (Western Regional Climate Centre, â€Å"C limate of Utah†). To be summarized, four different seasons are identified in the Salt Lake City region, i.e. summer, fall, winter, and spring. ... Notably, the days are witnessed to be warmer than the nights in the winter season. In spring the city enjoys sunny weather with cold breeze (Salt Lake Tourist & Visitor Center, â€Å"Salt Lake City Utah†). It is worth mentioning in this context, that the weather and climate conditions of Salt Lake City depend largely on few unique variables, i.e. its location on the earth in terms of longitude and latitude and its distance from water bodies, such as oceans and/or seas (Weber, â€Å"Weather, Climate and the Climate System†). However, in the recent context, the climatic conditions of Salt Lake City have been recorded to be hampered due to continuous environmental hazards, such as air pollution, water pollution, and others. According to the environmental reports of Salt Lake City, the air quality has been remarked to diminish with its main causing factor identified as the increasing number of motor vehicles (Salt Lake City Corporation, â€Å"Air Quality†). As a cons equence, the temperature of the city is increasing persistently due to which the county people are witnessing heavy clouds in the present days along with snowfall which is quite rare during the mid of a year, i.e. the spring time in the county. The survey reports also depict that the warmth of the weather has increased almost 3 ° F. To be illustrated, according to the reports, the average maximum temperature in the period of 1971 to 2000 was recorded to be around 37 ° F and the lowest of 21 ° F. But in the current statistical analysis it was recognised that the maximum temperature of the city scores around 39 ° F and a minimum temperature of 27 ° F during the period of 1874 to 2011 (Weber, â€Å"Weather, Climate And The Climate System†). In a nutshell, the changes in the climatic

Consumer Mathmatics and Statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumer Mathmatics and Statistics - Assignment Example On the first look, we may say that the claim would be true and we are more likely to believe on it. But, we should also consider that the researcher is implying a connection between Vitamin E being an antioxidant and that it may help fight cancer and heart disease. That is a faulty connection. Noticeably, the use of the word â€Å"might† reduces the ability of the claim to be a 100% true. For we know, using words such as â€Å"may† or â€Å"might†, does not guarantee or assure us that a result will always follow. The researcher has not established a correction connection, thus, used the statistics incorrectly, specifically implied connection mistake was committed (Statistics, nd). To address the problem, the researcher must avoid using words that would suggest a doubt to the readers. Another misuse of statistics is called suspect samples. To illustrate this, let us consider a statement made by an author in a recent article, claiming that 71% of adults do not use sunscreen. Determining the correct sample size and correct sampling method is one of the crucial parts of doing statistics. The previous statement is quite misleading since the sample used was not declared or where did the sample has came from was not stated. If these 71% of the adults are from the North Pole, which there is no enough sunlight for nearly four months, then that would be true. However, the conclusion would not be correct since those adults do not represent the whole number of adults in the US or in the world. Or, if the samples were from countries like Saudi Arabia, the Middle East or regions experiencing a hot climate and direct sunlight, the results would have been different. That is, we can conclude that most adults are using sunscreen. In eliminating the mistake, the researcher should present a data or report that the readers can conclude that the samples are really representative of the population being studied, or indicate a reliable source of the information